1. Determine the connotative and denotative meanings of words and phrases by analyzing word relationships, context clues, and figurative language or selecting appropriate reference materials. |
2. Determine the meanings of words through understanding of Greek and Latin roots and affixes, etymology of the English language, and word derivations. |
3. Analyze how the use of various literary and rhetorical devices (e.g., symbolism, allusion, irony, foreshadowing, figurative language) helps establish and achieve an author's purpose, enhances meaning, and creates tone and mood in texts across genres. |
4. Determine the characteristics of various genres of literary texts (e.g., fiction, poetry, drama) and analyze how key elements (e.g., setting, plot, characterization, conflict, point of view, theme, tone) enhance or add layers of meaning and style. |
5. Analyze a range of texts by a variety of authors within and across literary periods (e.g., colonial and early national, romantic, realism, naturalism, modernism, contemporary) and genres. |
6. Determine the structures (e.g., description, problem/solution, chronological, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, sequence) of informational texts and analyze how structure conveys purpose and meaning in texts. |
7. Determine the characteristics of informational text features (e.g., table of contents, headings, captions, photographs, graphs, charts, illustrations, glossaries, footnotes, bold words, sidebars) and analyze how text features convey purpose and meaning. |
8. Determine the author's purpose and perspective in an informational text and evaluate how relevant details support the implied or explicit central ideas of a text. |
9. Evaluate an argumentative text by analyzing the author's reasoning, effectiveness and validity of claims, bias, and use of rhetorical devices (e.g., antithesis, irony, metonymy) and appeals (e.g., logos, ethos, pathos). |